Fate of tax reforms settled in January
Voters to consider four-part proposal
BY JOHN McCARTHY
FLORIDA TODAY
Voters have less than three months to decide whether to approve the biggest change to the property tax system in 15 years.
They face a four-part ballot proposal in January that promises tax breaks for homeowners, businesses and people who own second homes in Florida.
It would:
· Make the savings from the "Save Our Homes" tax cap portable. The new proposal would allow homestead owners to apply up to $500,000 of the sheltered amount to a new home if they move.
· Double the $25,000 homestead exemption for homes worth at least $75,000. One caveat: The extra exemption does not apply to school taxes.
· Give nonhomestead property its own Save-Our-Homes-style break, with a 10 percent cap on annual increases in assessed values.
· For businesses, exempt the first $25,000 of the value of equipment.
How voters decide in January probably will depend on what kind of property they own and their willingness to cut the $631 million in taxes Brevard County governments collect to help pay for police, roads, libraries and other public services.
The vote comes on the heels of a five-year period in which Brevard home prices more than doubled. Those rising prices had little effect on tax bills for longtime residents because the assessed value of properties with homestead exemptions may increase by only 3 percent a year.
But newer residents and people who moved have found themselves paying sometimes three times the property taxes of their neighbors for similar homes.
And businesses have seen tax bills soar even if their revenues have remained unchanged.
Portability
For most homeowners, the biggest impact would likely come from the portability of Save Our Homes savings.
Shambie Cooper sold her homesteaded condo in 2004 and moved to a single-family home in Cocoa Beach.
She was surprised to find her taxes were double the $2,200 the previous owner was paying.
"So in essence, I was treated like a brand-new resident instead of someone with lifelong roots in Brevard," Cooper said. "And anyone else living here now that wants to downsize -- or upsize -- will also be penalized."
Nearly 127,000 homeowners in Brevard County now have a portion of their homes' values exempt from taxes because of SOH.
The average amount of value not subject to taxes is about $71,000.
Backers of the portability proposal hope the measure will help spark the sinking housing market.
"I think the portability, if it passes, it will help some people move who otherwise wouldn't, said Lance VandeBerg, owner of VandeBerg Real Estate & Investments and president of the Space Coast Association of Realtors.
Others, though, aren't sure portability will lead to a rush of home sales.
Jerome Barry, who moved to Melbourne from Harrisburg, Pa., in 2004, said he had been considering buying a waterfront home worth about twice the value of his current home.
But even with SOH portability, he figures he still would pay about three times as much in property taxes.
"I thought it was reasonable if my taxes doubled if I bought a house that cost twice as much," Barry said, adding that he isn't likely to move.
Economic stimulus?
The Legislature's year-long discussion of property tax, culminating in the ballot proposal, actually may have added to the current housing-market doldrums, said Sean Snaith, director of the Institute for Economic Competitiveness at the University of Central Florida.
He suspects some would-be homebuyers have delayed purchases until after January.
"People are just waiting to see how all this is going to shake out," he said.
Even if the proposal passes, Snaith doesn't think it will do much to shrink the bloated inventory of homes for sale.
There are now more than 10,000 houses, condos and townhouses listed for sale in the Brevard Multiple Listing Service, a nearly 29-month supply at the current rate of sales.
"I don't think it is going to have that large an impact on the housing sector," Snaith said.
To some people the proposed changes don't go far enough to address what they say is the main flaw of Florida's tax system -- the fact that resident homeowners pay less than businesses and people who own second homes here.
Gary Earls of Lansing, Mich., owns a Cape Canaveral townhome where he spends two weeks each month while in town to attend to a business he partially owns.
He'll pay about $3,000 in taxes this year vs. the $1,200 his neighbors pay on their homesteaded townhouse.
Even if his future tax assessments are limited to 10 percent annual increases, that is still three times more than his neighbors.
"They don't necessary have to be level. . . . Maybe mine should be capped at 6 percent and maybe theirs should be 4 or 4.5 percent," he said. "It's like a form of welfare, that's what it is. . . . There are people who are getting fed up with it."
John Lenza, a Palm Bay real estate agent, said he has firsthand experience with people being fed up with property taxes.
"I see people losing their houses every day. . . . They can't afford the taxes," he said of the sharp increases in foreclosures this year.
And even people who aren't facing foreclosure are being driven away, he said, by a combination of high taxes and high insurance rates.
"Every listing I have now is people moving to Tennessee."
Voter discontent
Even with public discontent over taxes, it isn't a given that voters will approve the proposed changes.
A 60 percent majority is now required to amend the state's constitution, a threshold Save Our Homes didn't approach when it was approved by 53.6 percent of voters in 1992.
Susan MacManus has been studying Florida voters for 20 years as a political science professor at the University of South Florida.
Still, she said she doesn't have a good feel yet for which way Floridians are leaning on the vote.
"I think it depends on which educational campaign gets the most traction," MacManus said.
She is sure, however, that Florida voters have grown unhappy with state leaders as they have watched their bills for homeowners insurance and property taxes increase despite lawmakers' promises to "fix" both.
She said these days she can sum up voter sentiment in three words: "Angry, impatient and frustrated."
"I've given up on relief," said Foster Batram on Melbourne. "I will vote against every incumbent in the next election. I will do this in election after election after election until all are gone who were serving during this mess."
But even voters disappointed the tax proposal may still vote for it, MacManus said.
One possible factor is the date of the election, Jan. 29, right about the time that credit card bills from holiday spending hit people's mailboxes.
"They might say, 'Too little is better than nothing at all,' " MacManus said.